In what way do you think that's relevant? Large portions of that standard had already been abandoned in the Windows 95 era. Nowadays, approximately nobody uses Shift-Insert for Paste, and most laptop users wouldn't even know where to find an Insert key without hunting for it.
> The detailed CUA specification, published in December 1987, is 328 pages long. It has similarities to Apple Computer's detailed human interface guidelines (139 pages). The Apple HIG is a detailed book specifying how software for the 1984 Apple Macintosh computer should look and function. When it was first written, the Mac was new, and graphical user interface (GUI) software was a novelty, so Apple took great pains to ensure that programs would conform to a single shared look and feel.
Did not mention facts to counter you but to provide... facts.
Parent comment by mine by the way also did not claim anyone invented anything, but that Windows once HAD and FOLLOWED human interface guidelines that made the system optimized to be used by... humans. While now MS is fighting their human users.
But to give you feedback: Sometimes it is nice to sit on a shady park bench on a Sunday without an apple fan boy running by with a loudspeaker "AND DID YOU KNOW? JOBS INVENTED BENCHES!!!".
The HN story is about whether you can log in to Windows without a Microsoft account.
You then went on a rant about how the reason Windows stopped having standard menu structures is because the Windows UI team now only consists of Mac users.
Even though you don't need an Apple ID to log in to macOS, and those standard menu structures come from Apple in the first place.
Thanks for the feedback. Your communication style is schizophrenic and melodramatic and I still have no idea what you actually think.
If what they are describing (marking strains using kanamycin) and creating deletion mutants really is what the NIH now considers gain-of-function research (nevermind dangerous) then all microbiology research has to stop immediately.
Tolerance is one of the coolest things in immunology.
This Nobel is about peripheral tolerance, but you should first appreciate central tolerance to understand why it matters.
After the stem cell phase, just about every cell in your body gradually becomes locked in a specific program (differentiated/specialized) so that your heart cells lose the ability to express say lung proteins, and vice versa.
But in order to train your immune cells not to react to self, during development some cells in the thymus are allowed to express self proteins from every type of tissue, so your thymus expresses neural, heart, lung, etc.. proteins. Any T-cells that react with this self proteins are deleted.
However, central tolerance is not that efficient, so peripheral tolerance takes care of the T-cells which escaped central tolerance. A major way that this is accomplished is by counterintuitively maintaining a population of self-specific T-cells called regulatory T-cells which put the breaks on immune reactions in the presence of self antigen (antigen = 3D shape of protein or sugar).
In many ways tolerance is actually the default reaction of the immune system - you encounter too many foreign objects (in food, air, etc) to react to everything. That's why vaccines have an "adjuvant" compound which tells your immune system to react.
If one had an infected thymus, does this mean that immune cells would be eliminated for attacking the infection, and thus the immune system be tuned to ignore the present infection?
I've never thought or heard of that, but theoretically yes?
However most of this happens before birth, and thymus infection is pretty unlikely at that point - the baby is protected by the mom's antibodies and is also physically sequestered. If the unborn baby has a thymus infection I would be more worried about what the mother has.
not exactly but E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae can actually use the inflammation to their advantage
Inflammation release nitrates, which Enterobacteriaceae can use as a replacement for oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
They can also encroach more easily on the protective mucus layers, which are thinner and more porous during inflammatory conditions (which itself may be a result of a messed up microbiota, which is why broad-spectrum antibiotics are not a solution)
These Enterobacteriaceae blooms in turn can cause inflammation, makes remission harder
There has been some success in reducing inflammation levels in IBD by blocking some of the binding factors that E. coli uses to attach to the epithelium/mucus
So they're just in a state of quasi work for the entire day in the evenings too? If they spend 6 hours on easy tasks when do they have the time for the hard tasks unless they work something like 12 hour days?
The British company that first found oil in Iran nearly ran out of money before finding it. In the middle east some oil comes to the surface, and in fact the Muslim world invented distillation in the middle ages. But finding sources to support a commercial oil field is another matter.
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